Habka ganacsiga shaaha aduunka

Habka adduunku u gelayo suuq midaysan oo caalami ah, shaaha, sida bunka, kookaha iyo sharaabka kaleba, waxa si weyn u ammaanay waddamada reer galbeedka, waxaanu noqday sharaabka adduunka ugu weyn.

Marka loo eego tirakoobkii ugu dambeeyay ee golaha shaaha caalamiga ah, sanadkii 2017-kii, dhulka lagu beero shaaha ee caalamka waxa uu gaaray 4.89 milyan hektar, shaaha soo saara waa 5.812 milyan oo tan, isticmaalka shaaha caalamkana waxa uu ahaa 5.571 milyan oo tan.Iska horimaadka u dhexeeya wax soo saarka shaaha iyo iibka adduunka ayaa weli muuqda.Koriinka shaaha aduunka wuxuu inta badan ka yimaadaa Shiinaha iyo Hindiya.Shiinaha ayaa noqday dalka ugu badan ee soo saara shaaha.Si taas loo gaaro, kala-soocidda iyo falanqaynta wax soo saarka shaaha adduunka iyo hannaankii ganacsiga, si cad u fahma isbeddellada firfircoon ee warshadaha shaaha adduunka, ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh in la sugo rajada horumarinta iyo isbeddellada qaabka ganacsiga ee warshadaha shaaha Shiinaha, haga sahayda- dib-u-habaynta qaab-dhismeedka dhinaca, iyo hagaajinta tartanka caalamiga ah ee shaaha Shiinaha.

★Mugga ganacsiga shaaha ayaa hoos u dhacay

Sida lagu sheegay tirokoob ay soo saartay Hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Tirakoobka Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay, heerkan oo kale waxa jira 49 waddan oo shaaha ka baxa oo waaweyn, dalalka shaaha cunana waxa ay ka kooban yihiin 205 waddan iyo gobollo ku yaalla shan qaaradood.Laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2016, wadarta guud ee ganacsiga shaaha adduunka ayaa muujiyay isbeddel sare ka dibna hoos u dhac.Wadarta guud ee ganacsiga shaaha adduunka ayaa kor u kacay 2.807 milyan oo tan sanadkii 2000 ilaa 3.4423 milyan oo tan sanadkii 2016, korodhka 22.61%.Waxaa ka mid ah, soo dejinta kor u kacday 1,343,200 tan sanadkii 2000 ilaa 1,741,300 tan 2016, koror ah 29.64%;dhoofinta ayaa kordhay 1,464,300 tan sanadkii 2000 ilaa 1,701,100 tan 2016, korodhka 16.17%.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, mugga ganacsiga shaaha adduunka ayaa bilaabay inuu muujiyo isbeddel hoos u dhac ah.Wadarta guud ee ganacsiga shaaha ee 2016 ayaa hoos u dhacay 163,000 oo tan marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas 2015, hoos u dhac sannad ka sannad ah 4.52%.Waxaa ka mid ah, mugga soo dejinta ayaa hoos u dhacay 114,500 ton marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas 2015, hoos u dhac sannad kasta ah 6.17%, mugga dhoofinta ayaa hoos u dhacay 41,100 tan marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas 2015, sannad ka dib. ayaa isbeddelay +2.77% marka la barbardhigo shalay.Farqiga u dhexeeya mugga soo dejinta iyo mugga dhoofinta ayaa si joogto ah u cidhiidhinaya.

★Qaybsiga qaaradaha ee ka ganacsiga shaaha ayaa isbedelay

Isbeddelka ku yimid isticmaalka shaaha iyo wax soo saarka, baaxadda ganacsiga shaaha ee ka dhexeeya qaaradaha ayaa sidaas u horumaray.Sannadkii 2000, Shaaha laga dhoofiyo Aasiya waxa uu ahaa 66% dhoofinta shaaha adduunka, taas oo ka dhigtay saldhigga ugu muhiimsan ee loo dhoofiyo shaaha adduunka, Afrika waxa ku xiga 24%, Yurub 5%, Ameerika 4%, iyo Oceania 1%.Sannadkii 2016-kii, dhoofinta shaaha Aasiya oo qayb ka ah shaaha adduunka laga dhoofiyo ayaa hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 4 ilaa 62%.Afrika, Yurub iyo Ameerika dhammaantood wax yar bay kordheen, iyaga oo gaadhay 25%, 7%, iyo 6% siday u kala horreeyaan.Saamiga Dhoofinta shaaha ee Oceania ee adduunka ayaa ku dhawaad ​​dayacan, hoos ugu dhacay 0.25 milyan oo tan.Waxaa la ogaan karaa in Aasiya iyo Afrika ay yihiin qaaradaha loo dhoofiyo shaaha.

Laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2016, dhoofinta shaaha Aasiya waxay ka dhigan tahay in ka badan 50% dhoofinta shaaha adduunka.Inkasta oo saamigu hoos u dhacay sannadihii u dambeeyay, haddana waa qaaradda ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo shaaha;Afrika waa qaaradda labaad ee loo dhoofiyo shaaha.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, shaaha saamiga dhoofinta ayaa kor u kacay wax yar.

Marka loo eego shaaha laga soo dhoofiyo qaaradaha oo dhan, Aasiya waxay soo dejisay horaantii qarnigii 20aad waxay ahayd qiyaastii 3%.Sannadkii 2000, waxay ahayd 36%.Sannadkii 2016-kii, waxa uu kordhay ilaa 45%, isagoo noqday saldhigga ugu weyn ee shaaha laga keeno adduunka;Yurub horraantii qarnigii 19-aad wax-soo-saarka Shiinaha waxa uu ahaa 64% shaaha adduunka laga keeno, kaas oo hoos u dhacay 36% sannadkii 2000, taas oo u dhiganta Aasiya, waxa kale oo uu hoos ugu dhacay 30% 2016;Wax soo dejinta Afrika ayaa wax yar hoos u dhacay 2000 ilaa 2016, oo hoos uga dhacay 17% ilaa 14%;Soo dejinta shaaha ee Ameerika ayaa lagu tiriyaa saamiga adduunka ee asal ahaan isma beddelin, weli qiyaastii 10%.Waxyaabaha laga soo dejiyo Oceania ayaa kordhay 2000 ilaa 2016, laakiin qaybteeda adduunka ayaa waxoogaa hoos u dhacday.Waxaa la ogaan karaa in Aasiya iyo Yurub ay yihiin qaaradaha ugu badan ee shaaha laga keeno adduunka, iyo isbeddelka soo dejinta shaaha ee Yurub iyo Aasiya ayaa muujinaya isbeddel “hoos u dhac iyo koror”.Aasiya waxa ay dhaaftay Yurub si ay u noqoto qaarada shaaha laga keeno.

★Suuqyada soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta shaaha ayaa ah kuwo xoog badan

Shanta waddan ee ugu sarreeya dhoofinta shaaha 2016 waxay kala ahaayeen Shiinaha, Kenya, Sri Lanka, India iyo Argentina, kuwaas oo dhoofintoodu ay ahayd 72.03% wadarta guud ee shaaha laga dhoofiyo adduunka.Tobanka waddan ee ugu sarreeya shaaha dhoofiya waxay ahaayeen 85.20% wadarta guud ee shaaha adduunka laga dhoofiyo.Waxaa la ogaan karaa in wadamada soo koraya ay yihiin kuwa ugu badan ee dhoofiya shaaha.Tobanka wadan ee ugu horeeya ee dhoofiya shaaha ayaa dhamaantood ah wadamada soo koraya,kuwaasi oo waafaqaya sharciga ganacsiga aduunka,taasi oo ah in wadamada soo koraya ay xukumaan suuqa alaabta ceeriin ee qiimahoodu hooseeyo.Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Tanzania iyo dalal kale ayaa hoos u dhac ku yimid dhoofinta shaaha.Waxaa ka mid ah, wax-soo-saarka Indonesia oo hoos u dhacay 17.12%, Sri Lanka, India, iyo Tanzania ayaa hoos u dhacay 5.91%, 1.96%, iyo 10.24%, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2016, ganacsiga shaaha ee Shiinaha ayaa sii waday inuu kobco, horumarinta ganacsiga dhoofinta shaaha ayaa aad uga sarreeyay ganacsiga soo dejinta ee isla muddadaas.Gaar ahaan ka dib ku biirista WTO, fursado badan ayaa loo abuuray ganacsiga shaaha ee Shiinaha.Sannadkii 2015-kii, Shiinuhu wuxuu noqday dalka ugu badan ee shaaha dhoofiya markii ugu horreysay.Sannadkan 2016-ka, dhoofinta shaaha dalkaygu waxay kordheen 130 waddan iyo gobollo, gaar ahaan dhoofinta shaaha cagaaran.Suuqyada dhoofinta ayaa sidoo kale inta badan ku badan Galbeedka, Waqooyiga, Afrika, Aasiya iyo wadamo kale iyo gobollo, gaar ahaan Morocco, Japan, Uzbekistan, Maraykanka, Ruushka, Hong Kong, Senegal, Ghana, Mauritani, iwm.

Shanta wadan ee ugu badan ee shaaha laga keeno sanadkan 2016 ayaa kala ahaa Pakistan, Russia, the United States, United Kingdom iyo Imaaraadka Carabta.Badeecooyinkooda waxay ahaayeen 39.38% shaaha la soo dhoofiyo adduunka, tobanka waddan ee ugu horreeya ee shaaha soo dhoofsadaa waxay ahaayeen 57.48%.Waddamada soo koraya ayaa ah inta badan tobanka waddan ee ugu horreeya ee shaaha soo dhoofsada, taas oo muujinaysa in horumarka dhaqaale ee joogtada ah, isticmaalka shaaha ee waddamada soo koraya uu si tartiib tartiib ah u kordho.Ruushka ayaa ah kan ugu badan ee isticmaala shaaha iyo soo dejinta.95% dadka deggan ayaa caado u ah cabbitaanka shaaha.Waxa ay ahayd soo dejinta shaaha ugu weyn adduunka tan iyo 2000. Pakistan ayaa si degdeg ah ugu kortay isticmaalka shaaha sannadihii u dambeeyay.Sannadkii 2016-kii, waxay dhaaftay Ruushka oo noqday shaaha ugu weyn adduunka.dalka soo dejinta.

Wadamada horumaray, Maraykanka, Ingiriiska, iyo Jarmalka ayaa iyaguna ah kuwa ugu badan ee shaaha keena.Maraykanka iyo Ingiriiska ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan ee wax soo dejisa iyo kuwa adeegsada,iyaga oo shaaha ka keena ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan waddamada shaaha soo saara ee caalamka.Sanadkii 2014-kii, Mareykanka ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka sare maray Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, isagoo noqday dalka saddexaad ee ugu badan ee shaaha soo dhoofsada marka laga reebo Ruushka iyo Pakistan.Sannadkii 2016-kii, shaaha Shiinaha laga keeno waxa ay ka ahaayeen 3.64% keliya shaaha adduunka la keeno.Waxa jiray 46 waddan (gobollada) wax la soo dejiyo.Wada-hawlgalayaasha ganacsi ee soo dejinta ugu weyn waxay ahaayeen Sri Lanka, Taiwan, iyo India.Saddexda qof ayaa marka la isu geeyo waxay ahaayeen 80% wadarta guud ee shaaha Shiinaha laga keeno.Isla markaana shaaha Shiinaha laga keeno aad buu uga hooseeyaa shaaha la dhoofiyo.Sannadkii 2016-kii, shaaha Shiinaha laga keeno ayaa 18.81% ka ahaa dhoofinta, taas oo muujinaysa in shaaha uu ka mid yahay wax soo saarka beeraha ee shaaha Shiinaha uu dhoofiyo ay ka helaan sarifka lacagaha qalaad.


Waqtiga boostada: Mar-17-2021

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